Without+가정법 구문에 대해 알아보자.

Without+가정법 구문에 대해 알아보자.

◆ Without+가정법 구문

without은「~이 없다면」,「~이 없었다면」의 뜻으로 but for와 바꾸어 쓸 수 있으며 가정법 과거에서는 If it were not for ~로, 가정법 과거완료에서는 If it had not been for ~로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.

Teaching Point 1 :「~이 없다면 ...할 것이다」

▶ Without ~, 주어＋would/should/could/might＋동사원형
= But for ~, 주어＋would/should/could/might＋동사원형
= If it were not for ~, 주어＋would/should/could/might＋동사원형

• Without the sun, nothing could live on the earth. (태양이 없다면 지구상에는 아무 것도 살 수 없을 것이다.)
  = But for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.
  = If it were not for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.
  
• Without water, all living things would die. (물이 없다면, 모든 생물은 죽을 것이다.)
  = But for water, all living things would die.
  = If it were not for water, all living things would die.
  
• Without food, no one could live. (음식이 없다면, 아무도 살 수가 없다.)
  = But for food, no one could live.
  = If it were not for food, no one could live.

Teaching Point 2 :「~이 없었다면 …했을 것이다」

▶ Without ~, 주어＋would/should/could/might＋have＋과거분사
= But for ~, 주어＋would/should/could/might＋have＋과거분사
= If it had not been for ~, 주어＋would/should/could/might＋have＋과거분사

• Without my advice, he could not have finished the report. (내 충고가 아니었다면, 그는 보고서를 끝낼 수 없었을 것이다.)
  = But for my advice, he could not have finished the report.
  = If it had not been for my advice, he could not have finished the report.
  
• Without his help, I would have failed. (그의 도움이 없었다면, 나는 실패했을 것이다.)
  = But for his help, I would have failed.
  = If it had not been for his help, I would have failed.
  
• Without her, they couldn’t have survived. (그녀가 아니었다면, 그들은 살아 남지 못했을 것이다.)
  = But for her, they couldn’t have survived.
  = If it had not been for her, they couldn’t have survived.

보충 학습 : If it were not for ~나 If it had not been for ~의 구문에서 If가 생략되기도 한다.

(1) If it were not for ~ ⇒ Were it not for ~ :

• If it were not for water, all living things would die. (물이 없다면, 모든 생물은 죽을 것이다.)
  = Were it not for water, all living things would die.

(2) If it had not been for ~ ⇒ Had it not been for ~ :

• If it had not been for your help, he would have failed. (당신의 도움이 없었다면, 그는 실패했을 것이다.)
  = Had it not been for your help, he would have failed.

참고 : But for ~와 But that ~
But that ~은 If it were not for the fact that ~의 의미가 되는 표현이다. But for 다음에는 명사나 명사구가 오고, But that 다음에는 명사절이 온다는 것이 다른 점이다.

• But for his help, she would have fallen on the floor. (그의 도움이 없었다면, 그녀는 바닥에 넘어졌을 것이다.)
• But that he caught her in his arms, she would have fallen on the floor. (그가 그녀를 끌어안지 않았더라면 그녀는 바닥에 넘어졌을 것이다.)